How does the groundwater level influence a septic system?

The groundwater level is a critical factor in the functioning of a septic system, primarily influencing how effectively effluent is dispersed into the soil. When the groundwater table is high, it can saturate the soil, leading to an insufficient aerobic environment needed for the natural treatment processes to occur. This saturation prevents the effluent from properly infiltrating the ground, potentially causing backup issues and system failure.

In a properly functioning septic system, effluent must have adequate space to move through the soil where it can be treated by natural microbial action. If the groundwater level is too close to the surface, these processes can be hindered, resulting in poor treatment of wastewater and possible contamination of the groundwater itself, leading to environmental and health risks. Understanding the relationship between groundwater levels and septic system function is essential for effective system design and installation.