Which components are essential in a commercial septic system?

The correct answer identifies the essential components of a commercial septic system, which are the septic tank, drain field, and soil absorption area.

The septic tank serves as the primary holding and treatment area for wastewater. It allows for the separation of solids and liquids, where solids settle at the bottom and form sludge, while lighter materials float to the surface as scum. This initial treatment is crucial for reducing the organic load of the wastewater before it moves to the next stage.

The drain field, also known as the leach field or soil absorption area, is essential for the final disposal of the treated wastewater. After leaving the septic tank, the effluent is distributed into the drain field, where it percolates through the soil. This process naturally filters and further treats the effluent, preventing contamination of surface and groundwater, and returning cleaned water to the environment.

The soil absorption area is where the wastewater is treated through natural biological processes, utilizing microorganisms that break down the organic matter and help purify the water further. This system relies on the permeability of the soil to allow for adequate drainage and absorption, which is vital for the effective functioning of the overall septic system.

While other options mention components relevant to wastewater management, they do not cover the core elements